Surkhet district is the most accessible, most developed district and the province capital of Karnali province of Nepal. This district is rich in the natural resources with 2,451 square kilometer area. It is surrounded by salyan district in the east, doti and achham in the west, achham, dailekh and jajarkot in the north and kailali and bardiya in the south. Its lenth is 115 km whereas width is 37km having the lowest altitude of 198m(Tatapani) and highest altitude of 2368m(Guranshe lake).
It covers a wide range of biodiversity. If we become confined to the agricultural biodiversity, then it constitutes of food crops, cash crops, spices, legumes, vegetables, fruits and oilseed crops. Paddy, wheat, maize, barley and fingermillet are the major frood crops whereas cotton is the major cash crop of this district. Among spices, onion, garlic, coriander, chilli, ginger and turmeric are the major ones and among the legumes, Lentil, pea, chickpea, green gram, black gram, pigeon pea are the major. Similarly, mustard, rapeseed and groundnut are the major oilseed crops. Mango, banana, litchi, guava, apple, pear, peach, walnut and citrus are major fruits whereas Cucurbits, solanaceous vegetables such as potato, tomato and some leafy vegetables such as green mustard are major vegetables of this district. The varieties of different agricultural commodities found in surkhet are as follows:-
Rice varieties:- Sabitri, mansuli, Radha-4, Danda mansuli, gorakhnath, sawa
Maize:- Rampur compositae, arun, Manakamana 1and 3
Wheat:- Bijaya, Gautam and Rohini
Barley:- Bonas
Potato:- Janakdev, Khumal seto-1, Khumal rato-1, Desire
Cotton:- Tamcot S.P.-37
Ginger:- Kapurkot - 1 and Kapurkot - 2
Turmeric:- Kapurkot haledo-1 and Kapurkot haledo-2
Timur:- Nepalese pepper
Lentil:- Shital and sagun
Chickpea:- Tara and Kosheli
Cowpea:- Saurya
Pigeon pea:- Bagheswari
Black gram:- Kalu
Rapeseed:- JY-16 and F1
Rayo:- Pusa bold
Cauliflower:- NS 90, F1, Snow crown, Nepa white
Radish:- 40 dine and Mino early
Cabbage:- Nepa round and Nepa green
Tomato:- Srijana and Asmita
Cucumber:- Dynasty and Bhaktapur local
Karnali province is also known as an organic province and focuses mostly on the use of organic matters instead of the chemical matters. Different campaigns and programmes are being run to uplift the production of agricultural commodities using the organic ways and conserving the biodiversity.
But lately the use of hybrid and the improved seeds of the agricultural commodities has increased the threat of extinction of the local landraces and local varieties of these commodities.
So, for the management of the biodiversity and ecosystem, focusing only on the production is not a good idea. Implication of the different techniques to increase production for the food security along with conservation of the local varieties and landraces will be the solution for the decreasing biodiversity problems. 
Tags
Genetics